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The same common nerve system transmits the impulse of both deep skeletal pain and visceral pain. Hence, their characteristics as to type, localization, and referral are similar. These pains are usually corresponding to the nerve roots coming from the spinal cord. A knowledge of nerve anatomy helps to localize these pains as to origin, although the exact origin is often obscure.

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The largest pain fibers are used in transmitting a pricking type of pain. Sharp sensations are conducted much more rapidly than a sense of burning. Most normal individuals can localize instantly such pains with precision. This surface sensitivity to the place where a stimulus is applied helps us distinguish superficial pain from deeper types.

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Pain, it has been said, is one of nature’s first signs of illness. Most will agree that pain stands preeminent among all unpleasant sensory experiences by which people perceive disease within themselves. There are very few illnesses which do not have painful phases. In many conditions, pain is characteristic of the illness, without which the diagnosis must remain in doubt.

In order to understand the subject of pain, every individual should understand normal anatomy. Pain is perceived as an unpleasant sensation, because of the stimulation of certain nerves in the skin or internal organs. These electrical messages are carried through our nerves to the spinal cord, then up specific pathways to the brain. An unpleasant sensation is first perceived in a portion of the brain called the thalamus. A rendezvous with nerve connections to the highest nerve centers, finally sends a message on to the cortex, our outer covering of the brain. There it is interpreted as to location, type, intensity, and integrated with past experiences and avoidance mechanisms that will protect your body from damage.

Pain may be perceived from any of your nerves. Cold, heat, pin prick, pressure, muscle spasm, distention of hollow organs, lack of oxygen to certain areas, and other stimuli may be perceived as pain. Some types of pain, such as phantom pain, occur after an amputation, following less known pathways, but presumably they result from irritation of nerve endings. Direct pressure on a nerve, as in degenerative disc disease of the spinal column or other conditions where peripheral nerves are compressed can also be painful. Infections of the nerves, such as that produced by the shingles virus may produce severe unrelenting pain. So, there are many mechanisms, many syndromes, and a most careful study is necessary to understand the causes of the pain response.

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