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Cholera is an acute illness of the small intestine. Occurring in epidemic forms, a generally painless diarrhea follows the entrance of the germs by 6 -
48 hours. Several liters of fluid may be lost within hours, leading to profound shock. With prompt fluid and electrolyte replacement, dehydration can be combated, bringing a prompt physiologic recovery. Inadequately treated patients may die from shock, acidosis, or kidney failure (uremia). Therefore, prompt and massive fluid replacement is vital.

A satisfactory solution can be prepared by adding five grams of sodium chloride, four grams of sodium bicarbonate, one gram of potassium chloride to one liter of distilled water. Hydration must be maintained until the diarrhea subsides. Cholera prevention, for travelers, is available with a standard vaccination. In countries where cholera is epidemic, a single inoculation prior to departure is recommended.

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