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Poliomyelitis was a common acute viral infection; it occurs naturally only in human beings. Infection with the polio virus produces a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Its most severe form attacks part of the central nervous system. After an incubation period of 3 to 35 days, the poliovirus infection may assume one of four forms:

1) Inapparent infection.

2) Minor illness, such as a transient respiratory or gastrointestinal disturbance.

3) Nonparalytic Poliomyelitis, which usually produces temporary stiffness of the neck and other symptoms of spinal meningitis.

4) Paralytic poliomyelitis.

In the latter, most serious form, the virus attacks specialized cells in the spinal cord and brain stem, producing paralysis in the face or extremities. This varies from mild affliction to respiratory paralysis. Some of the most heroic medical treatments have been developed to save the lives of these respiratory polio cases, often maintaining the patient for years in an “iron lung.” Some of the most dramatic uses of hydrotherapy have also been effective in the treatment of advanced polio cases, especially the Kenny packs, used for severe muscle spasm. Rehabilitation in a specialized setting offers maximal potential for complete recovery. Prevention, however, is the best approach. With several vaccines available for each type of polio, childhood immunization offers an inexpensive and relatively safe medical practice to avoid this dreaded disease.

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